An obscure section of the Dodd-Frank Act has been implemented by the Federal Reserve, to be effective later this year. Traditionally the Federal Reserve has not charged examination or similar fees for institutions under its supervision, but Congress determined that the largest institutions should be assessed an amount intended to reimburse the Federal Reserve for supervising them. This will likely impose an additional aggregate cost on the order of $400 to $500 million per year on these institutions, thereby further hiking up the price of size.View full memo, "Another Dodd-Frank Tax on Size: The Fed Charges for Big-Bank Supervision"