As part of a package of measures to boost the economy, increase competitiveness of the Italian corporate system and facilitate access to alternative forms of financing by non-listed companies, on June 22, 2012 the Italian government issued the final version of Law Decree No. 83 (first approved on June 15, 2012) introducing rules eliminating size restrictions and decreasing the tax cost of bond issuances, bringing the Italian system substantially in line with other European jurisdictions.View Full memo, "New Rules Open Bond Markets to Italian Non-Listed Companies – Open Season for High-Yield Offerings?"